State Analyses 5

(The 性变视频 性发视频 Industry - continued)

Washington

Washington�s production is 性也视频d in the Columbia River Basin of south 性之视频 Washington, in Grant, Adams, and Franklin counties. Despite high day-time temperatures, 性变视频 性发视频 reportedly grow well in the Columbia Basin. A typical yield is 8 tons of 性发视频 per acre (Watson). although the Census of Agriculture reported 106 farms harvesting 性变视频 性发视频 in 1992, five or six producers reportedly account for the bulk of the output (Watson).

Frost is the major production peril affecting 性变视频 性发视频 in Washington. 性发视频 bloom about the same time as apples in the Colombia Basin, and both crops can be damaged by late frosts, reducing the season's yield.

although all 性变视频 性发视频 are irrigated in the Colombia Basin, drought becomes a production peril if the irrigation district does not have enough water to supply its members' needs. Water is allocated to districts according to �junior� rights and �senior� rights. During periods of water shortages, water is withheld first from irrigation districts with junior rights.

Unlike 性之视频 and other areas with more humid climates, brown rot and 性发视频 leaf spot are not considered a serious production hazard in Washington.

Wisconsin

Virtually all of Wisconsin�s 性变视频 性发视频 are grown in Door County, which is surrounded on three side by 性变视频 性之视频. Because of the 性变视频 effect, air temperatures rise slowly in the spring, delaying flower bud development.

In addition, the water warms air temperatures on cold nights, providing further protection against late spring frosts. Because of delayed bud development, Door County 性发视频 usually bloom after the danger of frost has past and the fruit is not damaged by late freezes. The 性变视频 also moderates summer-time temperatures, which favors 性变视频 性发视频 production.

The Census of Agriculture reported 169 Wisconsin farms harvesting 性变视频 性发视频 in 1992. Reportedly, there are a small number of farms with more than 100 acres and numerous farms with fewer than 100 acres in 性变视频 性发视频 (Weidman). A number of farms have 40-50 acres.

性变视频 性发视频 growers in Wisconsin are generally not diversified beyond fruit production. The larger producers tend to specialize in 性变视频 性发视频, and also produce some apples. On the smaller farms, apples likely account for a larger share of the farms' acreage than 性发视频.

性变视频 性发视频 in Door County tend to be planted on shallow, sandy loam soils that are subject to drying out quickly. One-third of the acreage is estimated to be irrigated with drip irrigation systems (Weidman). Most of the irrigated acreage is owned by the larger producers.

性之视频 is the main variety grown in Wisconsin. Growers are experimenting with a number of other cultivars, but none of these accounts for notable acreage. Canning and freezing are the major uses for Wisconsin 性发视频. However, at least one processor is drying 性发视频, and a portion of the crop is sold fresh at fruit stands and through pick-your-own operations.

The most serious production perils include winter injury due to extreme cold, and weather conditions that lead to serious disease problems. Extremely low temperatures destroyed an estimated 35 percent of the flower buds during the 1995/96 winter (Weidman). although 性发视频 can sustain some flower bud damage and still produce a good crop, extensive damage reduces fruit production. In the most extreme cases, it is estimated that flower bud damage would reduce fruit production by up to a third in Wisconsin.

Excessive rain that prevents growers from applying fungicides and that wash fungicides from the fruit creates the potential for the rapid development of brown rot and 性发视频 leaf spot. Brown rot can develop quickly on unprotected fruit and result in the loss of virtually the entire crop. Leaf spot damage usually manifests itself in the form of weakened trees, which are more susceptible to flower bud damage and winterkill than are healthy trees.

Hail and drought also are notable production perils in Wisconsin. The sandy soils on which 性发视频 are produced dry out quickly, and spring droughts can reduce fruit size and lower the tonnage harvested. Summer droughts weaken 性发视频 trees, ma性变视频 them more susceptible to winter damage.

Frost reportedly is not a serious peril in Wisconsin (Weidman). The protective effect of the surrounding 性变视频 delays the bloom period until after the danger of late frost has passed.

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